He aha nā Molecular Sieves i hoʻohana ʻia i ka Petroleum Refining FCC Catalysts?
ʻO ka FCC (Fluid Catalytic Cracking) ka papa hana catalytic multifunctional i hoʻohana ʻia i loko o nā kaʻina hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻaila e hoʻohuli pono i nā hydrocarbons kaumaha i nā huahana kiʻekiʻe e like me ka ʻaila hinu, ke kinoea liquefied petroleum a me nā olefin māmā. Hoʻokumu pinepine ʻia lākou me nā mea hana, nā mea matrix, nā mea hoʻopili, a me nā mea hoʻopihapiha.
Nā ʻano a me nā hana o nā kānana molekula no nā mea hoʻoheheʻe FCC
Loaʻa i nā mea hoʻoheheʻe FCC ka waikawa kiʻekiʻe, ke kūpaʻa hydrothermal maikaʻi, a me nā waiwai anti-ʻaʻahu ikaika, e hiki ai iā lākou ke hoʻoikaika i nā hopena e like me ka pohā, ka isomerization, a me ka hoʻoili hydrogen o nā macromolecular hydrocarbons ma lalo o -kiʻekiʻe ka wela. Eia kekahi, ma ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ke ʻano sieve molecular, ka ʻike honua ʻokoʻa, ka acidity, a me ka hoʻolālā pore, hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia ka hua a me ke koho ʻana o nā huahana i makemake ʻia e like me ka ʻaila, propylene, a me LPG.
No laila, pāʻani mua nā kānana molekula ʻokoʻa i nā catalysts FCC i nā kuleana catalytic hoʻohui. ʻO -type molecular sieves a me ko lākou mau ʻano i hoʻololi ʻia, ʻo ia nā ʻāpana ikaika o nā mea hoʻoheheʻe FCC. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ke kānana molekala beta e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka haki ʻana, isomerization, a me ka koho huahana o nā hydrocarbons kikoʻī. Ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻohui hana, hiki iā ZSM-5 ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hua o nā olefin māmā. A hoʻohana ʻia ʻo ZSM-11 molecular sieve no ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o nā hydrocarbons a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā olefins māmā.
USY Molecular Sieve: ʻOi aku ka mea nui o ka mea hana
Y-type molecular sieveʻo ia ka māwae koʻikoʻi-mea hana no FCC, aPaʻa Uila Y (USY)ʻo ia ke ʻano zeolite pohā nui. Kiʻekiʻe -silica Y a i ʻoleHoʻoholo ʻia Y (DAY)he mau kānana molekula USY lāua. Hiki ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻo USY ma ke ʻano Y-ʻano zeolite i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e like me ka dealumination a me ka mālama waithermal.
Ke hoʻomau nei nā mea hoʻoheheʻe FCC i nā pōʻaiapuni o ka hopena a me ka hana hou ʻana, pono lākou e kū i ka wela kiʻekiʻe a me ka mahu-kaiapuni waiwai. No laila, hōʻike ʻo USY i ke kūpaʻa hydrothermal kiʻekiʻe, ke kūpaʻa ikaika i ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka mahu, ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe o ka framework, a me ka mana maikaʻi loa no ka haki ʻana i nā molekala nui.
REY/RE-USY Molecular Sieve: Hoʻohālikelike i ka hana, Coke a me ka Paʻa
Loaʻa i nā -earth zeolites i hoʻololi ʻia i ka waiwai ʻoihana nui i nā mea hoʻoheheʻe FCC. ʻO nā mea -honua kakaʻikahi i komo pū me La, Ce, a me Nd. Hiki i ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka honua kakaʻikahi ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kūpaʻa wela, ka paʻa hydrothermal, ka ʻakika, ka hana, a me ke koho coke o nā kānana molekala zeolite type Y.
No laila, ʻo kaREY (Kakaʻikahi-Earth Y)aRE-USY (Rare-Earth Ultra-Stable Y)Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā kānana molekala i ka ʻaila FCC, e hoʻoikaika i ka hana a me ke kūpaʻa, a e hoʻopaʻa i ke kaulike ma waena o ka hana catalytic, coke yield, a me ka ʻaila/diesel selectivity.
Beta Molecular Sieve: Hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā hydrocarbons kikoʻī
ʻAʻole ʻo Beta ka kānana molekula kumu nui i nā catalyst FCC kuʻuna, ʻaʻole like me USY. Akā, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā ʻano hana kikoʻī a i ʻole nā sieves molecular zeolite i hoʻololi ʻia.
Beta molecular kānanaLoaʻa iā ia ka topology BEA a loaʻa i kahi ʻōnaehana pore nui-ʻekolu. ʻO kona ʻakika ikaika a me nā awāwa pore nui e hiki ai ke hoʻohana i nā noi FCC no ka haki ʻana o ka hydrocarbon, ka isomerization, a me ka hydrocracking -hopena pili, a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka wae-distillate waena a me ka paipai ʻana i ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā hydrocarbons kikoʻī.
ZSM-5 Molecular Sieve: Hoʻolaha i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o Olefins māmā
Ke kuleana okānana molekala ZSM-5ʻOkoʻa nā kaʻina hana FCC, hana ia ma ke ʻano he FCC catalyst additive. ʻOiai ʻo Y-type zeolite ke kuleana nui no ka hakihaki ʻana i nā molekole ʻaila nui-, ZSM-5 e kālele ana i ka hoʻololi hou ʻana o nā hydrocarbons pae ʻaila a paipai i ka hana ʻana i nā olefin māmā.
Hōʻike ʻia ka ZSM{1}}5 zeolite i kahi hoʻolālā MFI me kahi ʻano microporous a hōʻike i nā hiʻohiʻona catalytic koho koho. ʻO ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka ZSM-5 i loko o nā ʻōnaehana FCC e hoʻonui maʻamau i nā hua o propylene, ethylene, LPG, a me nā olefin māmā, hoʻemi i ka ʻaila a hoʻololi paha i ka hui olefin o ka ʻaila. A ʻo ka hui pū ʻana o USY a me ZSM-5 molecular sieves he ʻōnaehana catalyst FCC maʻamau.
ZSM-11 Molecular Sieve: Hoʻoponopono A Hoʻopololei paha i ke ʻano
ZSM-11 molekala kānanano ka MEL topology, he hale like loa me ka MFI structure o ZSM-5. ʻO kāna hana i nā kaʻina FCC e like me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ke ʻano a me ka hoʻoponopono olefin, e like pū me ka ZSM-5 molecular sieve.
Ma ka hana ʻoihana FCC, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka kānana molekala ZSM -11 no ka haki ʻana o ka hydrocarbon, ka ʻala, a me ka isomerization, a i ʻole hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he FCC catalyst additive. Eia nō naʻe, ma ke ʻano o ka noi FCC ʻenehana, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ZSM-11 molecular sieve ma mua o ZSM-5.
Sinmat Chemicalʻoihana kūikawā i ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā kānana molekala zeolite no nā mea hoʻoheheʻe FCC, me nā kānana molecular type Y (NaY, HY, USY, REY, RE-USY, DAY), sieve molecular Beta, sieve molecular ZSM-5, a me ka kānana molekala ZSM-11. No nā kikoʻī hou aku, e ʻoluʻolu e nānā i nā ʻaoʻao ʻike huahana.
